Circuits

CIRCUIT ASSIGNMENT === Area of Interaction: Environments === === Significant Concepts: Basic circuits === === Unit Question: How have circuits impacted our environments? ===

INVESTIGATE: Define the following using this site:  Webster's Dictionary  Voltage: electric potential or potential difference expressed in volts

 Current: a flow of electric charge; //also// **:** the rate of such flow

 Resistance: the opposition offered by a body or substance to the passage through it of a steady electric current

 Circuit: the complete path of an electric current including usually the source of electric energy

 Transistors: a solid-state electronic device that is used to control the flow of electricity in electronic equipment and usually consists of a small block of a semiconductor (as germanium) with at least three electrodes

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;"> LEDs: a semiconductor diode that emits light when a voltage is applied to it and that is used especially in electronic devices (as for an indicator light)

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;"> Capacitor: a device giving <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">capacitance and usually consisting of conducting plates or foils separated by thin layers of dielectric (as air or mica) with the plates on opposite sides of the dielectric layers oppositely charged by a source of voltage and the electrical energy of the charged system stored in the polarized dielectric

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;"> Resistor: a device that has electrical <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">resistance and that is used in an electric circuit for protection, operation, or current control

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;"> Switch: a device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Digital Electronics: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">uses binary code to program computers (allows us to move a lot of information at once)

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;"> *Integrated Circuit: a tiny complex of electronic components and their connections that is produced in or o<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">n a small slice of material (as silicon)

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Binary Code: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">base 2 (uses only 1 and 0)

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;"> *Circuit Breaker: a switch that automatically interrupts the current of an overloaded electric circuit

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;"> *Conductor: a material or object that permits an electric current to flow easily

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Go to the following site and run the circuit construction kit. The site is: [|Circuit Link]

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Using this site, answer the following questions:

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Using one battery, make the light bulb work. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.9

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. Light two light bulbs with one battery. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 4.5 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.45

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. Using a switch to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: -9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.9

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">4. Use a capacitor with your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 0 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">5. Use an inductor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.9

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">6. Use an AC Voltage in your circuit. What happens to the current? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: up and down from about -18 to 0 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: up and down from 0 to about 2 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">The current surges and then stops, surges and stops.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">7. Which items in the grab bag complete the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">(One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Dollar Bill - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Paper clip - yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">c. Penny - yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">d. Eraser - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">e. Pencil lead - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">f. Hand - no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">g. Dog - no

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">8. Use a resistor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: -4.5 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.45

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">9. Add two batteries to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: -18 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 1.8

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">10. Add three batteries to the circuit. Right click on one of the batteries <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">and change the voltage to 100%. What happens to your batteries? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 117.99 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 11.8 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">The batteries burn up.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">11. Make your own circuit <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.9 where flowing, 0 where not <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">c. Explain what happened with your circuit: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">I have four switches; an AND gate and an OR gate. When the OR gate or the AND gate is closed, there is no flow in the circuit. When at least one of the switches on the OR gate is open and the AND gate is open, the amps in the wire where current is flowing are 0.9; if one of the switches on the OR is closed but the other is open, the wire coming from the closed switch has 0 amps. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">d. Describe/draw your circuit below: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">It is a battery connected on the positive side to an OR gate which leads to a lightbulb, and connected on the negative side to an AND gate which connects to the same battery.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">CREATE <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Now start your circuit project. Get the materials and instruction from Ms. Bradfield.



<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">EVALUATE

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Answer the Following Questions After You Complete Your Circuit: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Did you like making the circuit? Yeah, it was really fun. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. What did you like the least about making the circuit? I didn't like that I couldn't really design my own circuit, and I didn't know if it would all work until the end. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. What did you like the best about making the circuit? I really enjoyed soldering all the parts once I learned how to do it. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">4. Using complete sentences, explain how circuits can be applied in the real world. (List three) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Circuits are used in lighting systems to light buildings and light up streetlights. Also, they are used in computers. Circuits are also used in digital watches.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">5. Were you careful with the circuit, solder, and soldering iron? Yes, I was careful. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">6. Were you respectful and nice to other students? Yes, I was respectful to other students. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">7. Did you take a picture of both your circuits and add them to this wiki page? Yes, I took a picture of my circuit and added it to the page.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">ATTITUDE <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Did you have a good attitude answering the questions? Explain: Yes, I had a good attitude. I did it before having free time. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. Did you have a good attitude making the circuits? Explain: Yes, I didn't complain and finished it quickly the best I could. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. Were you a whiny baby during the circuit unit? Explain: No, I did what I was supposed to.